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1.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 32(3): e005623, 2023. tab, graf, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1515084

ABSTRACT

The aim of the present study was to assess morphologic and genetic data on ascariasis in swine (Sus scrofa domesticus) and humans in low-resource rural and periurban communities in the state of Piauí, Brazil. Our cross-sectional survey included 100 fecal samples obtained from swine and 682 samples from humans. Fifteen pigs were necropsied. Human and porcine fecal samples were examined to identify Ascaris eggs. Parasites obtained in the swine necropsies were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the mitochondrial gene encoding the cytochrome oxidase 1 (cox1) enzyme was partially amplified and sequenced for molecular taxonomy and phylogenetic analyses. The overall prevalence of Ascaris eggs in the swine fecal samples was 16/100 (16%). No Ascaris eggs were identified in the human fecal samples. SEM of six worms recovered from pigs demonstrated morphological characteristics of A. suum. Cox1 sequences were compatible with A. suum reference sequences. Original and reference (GenBank) nucleotide sequences were organized into clusters that did not segregate the parasites by host species or and region. The largest haplogroups were dominated by haplotypes H01, H02 and H31. In the communities studied, there was no epidemiological evidence of the zoonotic transmission of ascariasis at the human-swine interface.(AU)


O presente estudo teve como objetivo acessar dados morfológicos e genéticos sobre a ascaridíase em suínos (Sus scrofa domesticus) e humanos, em comunidades rurais e periurbanas no estado do Piauí. O estudo transversal incluiu 100 amostras fecais de suínos e 682 amostras obtidas de humanos. Quinze suínos foram necropsiados. Amostras fecais suínas e humanas foram examinadas para detecção de ovos de Ascaris. Os parasitas adultos, obtidos nas necropsias, foram estudados através de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), e o gene mitocondrial codificante da enzima citocromo oxidase 1 (cox1) foi parcialmente amplificado e sequenciado para análises filogenéticas e de taxonomia molecular. A prevalência de Ascaris em amostras fecais de suínos foi 16/100 (16%), não sendo identificado nenhum caso de infecção por este parasita em humanos. A análise por MEV de parasitas recuperados de suínos demonstrou características morfológicas de Ascaris suum. As sequências nucleotídicas de cox1 foram compatíveis com A. suum. As sequências originais e de referência (obtidas no GeneBank) foram organizadas em clusters que não segregaram os parasitas por hospedeiro ou região geográfica. Os maiores haplogrupos foram dominados pelos haplótipos H01, H02 e H31. Nas comunidades estudadas, não foi evidenciada transmissão zoonótica de A. suum na interface suíno-humana.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Ascaridiasis/diagnosis , Swine/genetics , Ascaris suum/genetics , Phylogeny , Brazil , Electron Transport Complex IV/analysis
2.
Braz. j. biol ; 79(4): 594-602, Nov. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1001493

ABSTRACT

Abstract Didelphis albiventris are found throughout Northeast and Central Brazil to central-southern Uruguay and it was subject of few studies in a population level. Given this, the present study investigated the genetic variability of the species using the mitochondrial molecular marker cytochrome oxidase c subunit I. We analyzed samples from the different biomes within three Brazilian regions: Northeast (Caatinga , Cerrado, and Atlantic Forest), Southeast (Cerrado , Atlantic Forest, Cerrado/Atlantic Forest, and Cerrado/Caatinga ecotones) and South (Pampa and Atlantic Forest). Software BAPs retrieved five distinct demes: dm 1, dm 2, and dm 5 that occurs in South, Northeast and Southeast regions respectively and the dm 3 and dm 4 are wide distributed in Northeast and Southeast. Population analysis performed with AMOVA, haplotype network and Mantel test estimated the veracity of the demes. The FST shows structuring for the five demes, with dm 1 (South region) isolated from the others, however the other analysis showed the Northeast/Southeast demes (dm 2-5) united, diagnosing gene flow between them, mainly at the transitional zones, in areas as far away as areas with similar latitude interval (Southeast vs South) that was not detected gene flow. In the haplotype network, the mutational steps was conclusive in split dm1 from dm 2-5 with 15 mutational steps and the Mantel test was moderated, which is explained by genetic similarity despite the great geographic distances (Northeast/Southeast). Thus, our analysis recognized two different lineages (South and Northeast/Southeast) and indicate that the biomes were not decisive in their isolation. The sharing of demes at the transitional zones and in areas with high latitudinal intervals reflects a recent ancestral polymorphism for D. albiventris. The plasticity in the occupation of the space by this species contributes in its wide dispersion capability, that is, geographical distribution. Our results revealed important implications for the management of D. albiventris in these transitional zones areas where demes were shared.


Resumo Didelphis albiventris é encontrada em todo o Nordeste e região central do Brasil até o centro-sul do Uruguai e foi alvo de poucos estudos em nível populacional. Dessa forma, o presente estudo, investiga a variabilidade genética da espécie usando o marcador molecular citocromo c oxidase subunidade I. Analisou-se amostras de diferentes biomas de três regiões brasileiras: Nordeste (Caatinga, Cerrado e Floresta Atlântica), Sudeste (Cerrado, Floresta Atlântica, ecótonos Cerrado/Floresta Atlântica e Cerrado/Caatinga) e Sul (Pampa e Floresta Atlântica). O software BAPs recuperou cinco demes distintos: dm 1, dm 2 e dm 5, que ocorrem nas regiões Sul, Nordeste e Sudeste, respectivamente, e os dm 3 e dm 4, que são amplamente distribuído no Nordeste e Sudeste. Análises populacionais realizadas com AMOVA, rede de haplótipo e teste de Mantel estimaram a veracidade das demes. O FST mostrou estruturação para as cinco demes, com dm 1 (região Sul) isolada das demais, entretanto as outras análises mostraram as demes Nordeste/Sudeste (dm 2-5) unidos, diagnosticando fluxo gênico entre elas, principalmente em zonas de transição, em áreas tão distante quanto áreas com similar intervalo de latitude (Sudeste e Sul), onde não foram detectado fluxo gênico. Na rede de haplótipo, os passos mutacionais foram conclusivos em separar dm 1 do dm 2-5 com 15 passos mutacionais, e o teste de Mantel foi moderado, o que é explicado pela similaridade genética apesar da grande distância geográfica (Nordeste/Sudeste). Assim, duas linhagens diferentes (Sul e Sudeste/Nordeste) foram encontradas, indicando que os biomas não foram decisivos em seus isolamentos. Os compartilhamentos das demes, em zonas de transição e em áreas com elevados intervalos de latitude, refletem um polimorfismo ancestral recente para D. albiventris. A plasticidade na ocupação do espaço por esta espécie contribui em sua ampla capacidade de dispersão, ou seja, distribuição geográfica. Nossos resultados revelam importantes implicações para o manejo de D. albiventris nessas áreas de zonas de transição, onde as demes são compartilhadas.


Subject(s)
Animals , Genetic Variation , Didelphis/genetics , Brazil , Electron Transport Complex IV/analysis
3.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 34(4): 598-604, oct.-dic. 2014. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-730944

ABSTRACT

Institución donde se ejecutó el trabajo: Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales, PECET, Unidad de Malacología Médica y Trematodos (UMMT), Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia Introducción. La fasciolosis es la enfermedad transmitida por vectores con mayor distribución latitudinal, longitudinal y altitudinal, debido a la capacidad colonizadora del parásito Fasciola hepatica y de sus huéspedes intermediarios, los moluscos limneidos. Estos caracoles se investigan por su importancia epidemiológica, pero su identificación taxonómica es difícil por la similitud fenotípica entre especies. En este sentido, con respecto a Lymnaea cousini , un huésped de F. hepatica en Colombia, existe incertidumbre en razón de su similitud morfológica con L. meridensis , descrita recientemente en Venezuela. Objetivo. Confirmar con el marcador del gen de la citocromo oxidasa I en el ADN mitocondrial COI (ADNmt), el estatus taxonómico de ejemplares morfológicamente caracterizados como L. cousini provenientes de Nariño, Norte de Santander y Santander (Colombia), depositados en la Colección de Moluscos Vectores de la Universidad de Antioquia, VHET N° 37. Materiales y métodos. Para la amplificación del COI mitocondrial, se extrajo ADN total del pie de cada ejemplar con el estuche DNeasy Blood and Tissue (Qiagen ® ). Los productos amplificados se enviaron a secuenciar a Macrogen Inc., Corea. Las 27 secuencias generadas en esta investigación se compararon con secuencias publicadas en el GenBank, incluidas las secuencias de la localidad tipo de L. cousini. Resultados. Se encontraron dos nuevos haplotipos de L. cousini para Colombia. Los especímenes de Nariño correspondían al haplotipo A, referenciado en Ecuador, y los especímenes de Santander y Norte de Santander, a un nuevo haplotipo al que se denominó D. Conclusión. Mediante el marcador mitocondrial del COI , se confirmó que los especímenes pertenecían a la especie L. cousini . Con el hallazgo se duplicó el número de haplotipos conocidos de la especie en Colombia y se amplió su distribución geográfica al suroeste y nordeste de la región altoandina colombiana.


Introduction: Fasciolosis is the disease transmitted by vectors with the highest latitudinal, longitudinal, and altitudinal distribution due to the colonizing capacity of the parasite Fasciola hepatica and its intermediate hosts, Lymnaeidae mollusks. These snails are under research due to their epidemiological importance, but their taxonomic identification is difficult given their interspecific phenotypical similarity. For this reason, there is uncertainty regarding Lymnaea cousini -a host of F. hepatica in Colombia- due to the morphological similarity it has with Lymnaea meridensis , recently described for Venezuela. Objective: To confirm with the COI marker (ADNmt) the taxonomic status of individuals morphologically identified as L. cousini from Nariño, Norte de Santander, and Santander (Colombia), deposited in the Vector Mollusks Collection VHET No. 37 of Universidad de Antioquia. Materials and methods: The amplification of the mitochondrial COI required total DNA extraction of each individual´s foot using the DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit (Qiagen®). Products amplified were sent for sequencing to Macrogen Inc., Korea. Twenty seven sequences generated in this research were compared to sequences published in the GenBank, including sequences of the type locality of L. cousini . Results: Two new haplotypes of L. cousini were obtained for Colombia. Specimens from Nariño correspond to haplotype A, referenced for Ecuador, and specimens from Santander and Norte de Santander belong to a new haplotype we called haplotype D. Conclusion : By using the mitochondrial COI marker, we confirmed that the species under study did correspond to L. cousini . The number of known haplotypes of the species for Colombia has been duplicated and its geographical distribution has been extended to the southwest and northeast of the Colombian high Andean region.


Subject(s)
Animals , Disease Vectors/classification , Electron Transport Complex IV/analysis , Fasciola hepatica , Lymnaea/classification , Base Sequence , Biomarkers , Colombia , DNA , DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics , Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics , Haplotypes/genetics , Lymnaea/enzymology , Lymnaea/genetics , Molecular Sequence Data , Phylogeny , Protein Subunits , Sequence Alignment , Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
4.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 48(2): 103-104, Mar,-Apr. 2006. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-426804

ABSTRACT

Quarenta isolados de Echinococcus provenientes de ovinos e bovinos do sul do Brasil foram analisados geneticamente com o objetivo de obter dados a respeito das diferentes cepas dentro do gênero Echinococcus granulosus. A diferenciação foi feita empregando-se a técnica de PCR a o seqüenciamento da subunidade 1 da citocromo c oxidase (CO1). A maior parte das amostras (38) pôde ser alocada na cepa ovina (G1) enquanto duas amostras pertenceram ao gênero E. ortleppi, anteriormente conhecido como cepa bovina (G5) do E. granulosus. Devido ao menor período pré-patente em cães deste último gênero ressalta-se a importância do presente registro devido às implicações no delineamento de medidas de controle nesta região endêmica.


Subject(s)
Animals , Echinococcus granulosus/genetics , Brazil , Cattle/parasitology , DNA, Mitochondrial/analysis , DNA, Protozoan/analysis , Echinococcus granulosus/enzymology , Echinococcus granulosus/isolation & purification , Electron Transport Complex IV/analysis , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sheep/parasitology
5.
J Biosci ; 2003 Feb; 28(1): 19-21
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-111284

ABSTRACT

In order to identify and quantify free radicals in the tissues of patients with normal physiological and pathological states of births, we developed a method to evaluate the amount of free radicals in myometrium of subplacental area and from body of uterus, using electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Analysis of the concentration of free radicals in the myometrium in full-term pregnancy with normal labour and during uterine inertia was studied. The activities of Ca2+-ATPase, cytochrome c oxidase and succinate dehydrogenase in samples of these tissues were tested too. Low free radical concentrations in these tissues were associated with disturbances in contractile activity of myometrium along with reduction of Ca2+-ATPase, cytochrome c oxidase and succinate dehydrogenase activity. There proved to be an association between the level of free radicals in the tissues and alteration in the physiological processes.


Subject(s)
Calcium-Transporting ATPases/analysis , Delivery, Obstetric , Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy , Electron Transport Complex IV/analysis , Female , Free Radicals/analysis , Humans , Myometrium/metabolism , Pregnancy , Succinate Dehydrogenase/analysis , Uterine Inertia/metabolism
6.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 55(2): 249-57, jun. 1997. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-209180

ABSTRACT

Foi determinada a atividade das enzimas NADH desidrogenase, NADH citocromo e redutase, succinato desidrogenase, succinato citocromo e redutase, citocromo e oxidase e citrato sintase em mitocôndrias de músculo esquelético humano normal e doente (suspeito de miopatia mitocondrial). O grupo controle foi constituído de 13 indivíduos normais e que nao faziam uso contínuo de fármacos. O grupo doente era constituído de 10 pacientes cujo diagnóstico anatomopatológico indicava suspeita de miopatia mitocondrial. Observou-se reduçao na atividade das enzimas em todos os pacientes: 7 com anormalidades em todas as enzimas ensaiadas; 2 com deficiências em todas as enzimas exceto na citocromo e oxidase; e 1 paciente com disfunçao apenas na atividade da succinato desidrogenase e succinato citocromo e redutase. Este perfil possibilitou caracterizar múltiplas deficiências ou deficiência combinada da cadeia respiratória, além da disfunçao na citrato sintase em 9 pacientes. Um dos casos constituiu exceçao, sendo a deficiência enzimática restrita ao complexo II. Foi possível concluir que a metodologia usada é adequada e facilmente aplicável aos objetivos clínicos. Os resultados obtidos possibilitam a caracterizaçao dos complexos enzimáticos mitocondriais deficientes, mostrando que tais enfermidades sao originadas de disfunçao no metabolismo energético.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , In Vitro Techniques , Mitochondria, Muscle/enzymology , Mitochondrial Myopathies/enzymology , Muscle, Skeletal/pathology , Citrate (si)-Synthase/analysis , Electron Transport Complex IV/analysis , NADH Dehydrogenase/analysis , Succinate Cytochrome c Oxidoreductase/analysis , Succinate Dehydrogenase/analysis
7.
Biol. Res ; 27(3/4): 177-92, 1994. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-228577

ABSTRACT

The relation between the expression of the oxyntic cell phenotype and the modifications of the extracellular matrix during development of the gastric glands, was studied in 10 to 21 day-old chick embryos. Cytodifferentiation of the oxyntic cells was established by ultrastructural methods, while the expression of pepsinogen, mitochondrial enzyme markers and apical secretory membranes was determined by histochemical and biochemical procedures. Results show that the morphogenesis of the glandular lobules occurs between days 8 and 15 of gestation. Later on, the lobules enlarge but maintain their basic morphology. Until day 13, the developing glands consist of primary tubes lined by a stratified columnar epithelium. The apical poles of the cells that contact the lumen show cytoplasmic processes, and Mg-ATPase activity and F-actin are concentrated at the apical cell borders. From day 13 on, the cells of the simple epithelium that lines secondary tubules budding from the primary tube, show all the features that define differentiated oxyntic cells. The synthesis of glycosaminoglycans during glandular morphogenesis was studied measuring the incorporation of radioactive sulfate into developing chick embryo proventriculi. An important increase in isotope incorporation was found between days 13 and 18 of development. Histochemical localization of these macromolecules shows that glycosaminoglycans are closely associated with the developing glandular lobules. Variations in the structure of epithelial cells undergoing morphogenesis and in the composition of the extracellular matrix are synchronous, suggesting that interactions between them may be significant in terms of the establishment and maintenance of the adult gastric gland phenotype


Subject(s)
Animals , Chick Embryo , Extracellular Matrix , Gastric Mucosa/embryology , Parietal Cells, Gastric/cytology , Actins/analysis , Ca(2+) Mg(2+)-ATPase/analysis , Cell Differentiation , Electron Transport Complex IV/analysis , Gastric Mucosa/ultrastructure , Glycosaminoglycans/analysis , Morphogenesis
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